shows that Christ charged Peter to make sure as he proclaimed the message of forgiveness, to tell the message based on heavens terms. That is, what is declared forgiven on earth must have been already forgiven (futuristic peraphrastic perfect passive participial construction) in heaven. The NASU and Amplified are best: “whatever you bind on earth shall have been [already] bound in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth shall have been [what is already, Amp.] loosed in heaven.”7 Ultimately, the Roman
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